Cat Vomiting It's Causes, Symptoms And Treatments
What is the vomiting condition in cats?
If you're a cat parent, you're bound to have heard the characteristic hacking sound which often signifies that your cat is, or is preparing to throw up. Most cats throw up hairballs, but if your cat is vomiting more often than usual, it might indicate an underlying health concern that is tormenting your fur baby. Cats vomiting frequently is often understood as the onset of an illness, which, if left unchecked, can worsen with time. If you have questions like why cats vomit foam or how to care for your sick cat, this article looks to provide you with information.
Scientific reason for cat vomiting
There are several reasons that can lead to cat vomiting food. Most cats that groom themselves have a tendency of throwing up hairballs, or forcefully ejecting the accumulation of loose hair that is ingested during the grooming process. Another common reason fur kiddos may vomit is a sudden change in their diet. Introducing new food to your fur baby can upset their delicate gastrointestinal system and cause them to throw up. It is best to transition your little munchkin to a new food over at least seven days by mixing their old food with the new food. Start by mixing a small amount of the new food into their regular old food and gradually increase the percentage over a week until they adapt to the new food completely.
Cats can also vomit to release undigested food particles to avoid indigestion. While these reasons are nothing to worry about, your furry pal can also start vomiting from potentially dangerous reasons, such as parasitic or bacterial action, liver and kidney diseases, diabetes, or infections that require veterinary support. If the cat vomited continuously for a prolonged time, it can be an indication of poor health.
How harshly can it affect your cat’s health?
Frequent cat vomiting can negatively impact the cat's health. Cat vomits often leads to a loss of bodily fluids, leaving your cat dehydrated and in a weakened state. Vomiting more frequently than usual can also lead to internal swelling and inflammations, and also lead to a loss of essential nutrients in the cat's body. So, if your cat is vomiting more frequently than is usual, it might be a good idea to plan an appointment with your veterinarian.
Importance of preventing vomiting in cats
The cat vomited hairballs is often seen as a common occurrence, but if your cat starts vomiting more frequently than is normal, it is important to prevent it from vomiting, not just to keep the condition from worsening, but to also make sure your cat isn't weakened, and is able to recover easily. However, if the vomiting persists, it must be time for you to seek professional help from a veterinarian near you.
Why do cats vomit?
There could be multiple reasons for which your cat can vomit. Depending on the type of vomit, a veterinarian can determine the possible reasons for the cat vomiting condition. Types of cat vomit can usually categorised into the following:
Colour
Types of cat vomit are most commonly observed as coloured and the colour can often vary depending on the reason behind the vomit. Usually, types of cat vomit are in colours like yellow, orange or black due to the presence of undigested food particles. Clear puke cat is usually indicative of an empty stomach which leads to regurgitation of saliva.
Foamy
One of the most common types of cat vomit is foam, which can be a result of bile. An average cat vomits foamy white, a yellowish or greenish colour. The question, of why cats vomit foam, can be understood as a result of the accumulation of bile in the body.
Blood
The presence of blood in a cat’s vomit is not a usual scenario, and is often a sign that your cat is ailing or suffering from a condition that requires immediate professional attention.
Coloured vomit
Coloured vomit is often an occurrence in cats, but it does not necessarily mean a health condition to be concerned about. Most cats prefer to keep their coats clean by grooming themselves, often ingesting loose hair and fur, which are accumulated in the cat’s stomach. Large volumes of loose hair are not always naturally digested inside the stomach, resulting in hairballs that your furry little friend can throw up from time to time. To avoid your cat from throwing up hairballs, you can lend a helping hand by grooming their coats frequently to get rid of excess loose hair. If the cat vomited white foam, you can book an appointment with your veterinarian without delay. The cat vomited green must also be brought to the attention of specialist doctors.
However, chronic vomiting in cats is not to be overlooked, as it can be a symptom of an underlying health condition. The cause of cat vomiting can be linked to gastroenteritis, food allergies, or parasitic illnesses. A Red, pink or black coloured puke cat can indicate the presence of blood in your cat’s vomit, and a wise idea would be to seek professional support before the situation worsens.
Foamy Vomit
To see your little munchkin throw up can cause distress, and to see the cat vomited foam must be alarming for most cat parents. However, without a proper diagnosis, it might be too early to start worrying. Hairballs can often lead to your cat vomits foamy white, but just to be certain, it is always a good idea to visit a veterinarian and get your cat checked for any health concerns. White, cat vomiting foam is also often a result of your cat being on an empty stomach for a long time, which results in a regurgitation of excess bile and saliva. However, if the cat vomited foam for a longer period of time and is accompanied by other symptoms, like cat diarrhoea or increased shedding, it can be caused by dietary indiscretion, inflammatory bowel diseases, gastrointestinal infections, or liver or kidney diseases, which require immediate attention from a professional. If the cat vomited foam, an early diagnosis can be effective in getting the appropriate treatment started at the right time and preventing the condition from deteriorating. The cat vomited white foam can also be seen as a health condition that requires sufficient diagnosis and treatment.
Bloody vomit
Your cat puking blood is never a good sign. Haematemesis, or vomiting blood, is a possible condition that often indicates serious health concerns in your cat. Depending on the cause, your cat can throw up fresh, bright red blood, or partially digested blood, which has a darker appearance. The latter is most often associated with intestinal bleeding, a condition that might require professional help. Cat puking fresh blood is usually associated with serious health conditions, which might include viral or bacterial infestations, like feline panleukopenia virus, and traumatic injuries caused by ingesting something sharp or toxic. The cause of kitten vomiting can also be intestinal parasites like roundworm and even cancer.
If your cat is showing symptoms like blood in vomit or stool, it is always the best idea to seek veterinary care without delay to make sure your kitty gets the best treatment there is. If your cat has already lost too much blood, the veterinarian may suggest a blood transfusion. Furthermore, an early diagnosis can be immensely helpful in getting the treatment started and avoiding any severe condition.
How to take care of a cat that vomits?
Whether the cat vomited hairballs or showed signs of distress, there is no need to be worried just yet. Here are some of the ways through which you can ensure your little furball gets the best treatment it deserves for a speedy recovery.
Care
Your cat deserves all the extra love and care during its sick days. And to help your little furry friend in these moments of distress, what could be better than to ensure it has all your love and prayers? You can care for your cat that vomits with:
- Relocating the cat temporarily to somewhere quiet and comfortable. Your cat has a higher chance of getting better soon with the rest it needs, free from all disturbances. If the cat vomited green, it might be understood that your cat needs some time to rest and shake off its weaknesses.
- Make sure it has easy access to food, water and its litter box. With proper cat food and hydration, your cat will get better in no time!
- Grooming your cat during its sick days will not just allow the cat to feel loved and comforted by your presence, it will also make sure your cat is clean and foster a deeper bond between you.
- Finally, if your cat is sick, make sure to consult your veterinarian about ways you can treat it. Medicating your cat appropriately gives them a better fighting chance and recover quickly.
Diet plans
- If your cat is vomiting more frequently than usual or if your cat vomiting food, it is a good idea to remove food for some time, as food allergies and indigestion can lead to vomiting.
- Change your cat’s water bowl frequently. Access to fresh water ensures your cat is well-hydrated.
- You can also try to feed your cat by offering their usual food in smaller quantities or providing bland low cooked food like white fish, or chicken.
- If your cat is able to ingest its usual food, you can offer the same in smaller quantities every few hours.
- Keep your cat under observation for a few days before returning to its usual schedule.
Frequency to visit the vet
If the cat vomited more frequently than usual, it is a good idea to visit the veterinarian without much delay. If your cat has difficulty digesting food and because the cat vomited green more than three times throughout the course of the day, a visit to the vet is a wise decision. An early diagnosis will allow you to take better care of your cat, and depending on the severity of your cat’s health, plan any further visits if needed.
Precautions and treatment
- If your cat is showing symptoms like vomiting, it is better to temporarily isolate it from other pets in the house to avoid any contamination.
- Avoid getting your cat excited. Make sure they are relaxed and comfortable, helping them to recover quickly.
- Make sure there are no toxic chemicals or objects near your cat that might be harmful if ingested.
How Whiskas products can help in preventing vomiting issues in cats
Whiskas offers a premium range of dry and wet foods to choose from for your little munchkin, which is not just flavourful, but are made keeping in mind the requirements for a vomiting cat. They also prevent any distress in your pets, preventing cat vomiting food or kitten vomiting foam. Whiskas food products are easy to digest and rich in all nutrients that your friendly feline needs to get better soon!
FAQ on cat vomiting
-
What is spraying and marking in cats?
Male cats spraying is considered a vital part of feline communication. While most outdoor cats spray to mark territories, spraying in household cats is more instinctive. Female cat spraying and urine marking in cats are also for attracting mates.
Do cats spray when happy?
While spraying can have several connotations, it does not generally indicate happiness in cats. Cat urine spraying is usually used for urine marking in cats to indicate territories, warding off predators, and attracting potential mates when in heat.
How do I get my cat to stop spraying?
Since male cats spraying is mostly associated with non-neutered cats looking for a mate in heat, getting your cat spayed or neutered is a possible long-term solution. Additionally, veterinarians may recommend medications like Fluoxetine or Clomipramine with a high success rate.
Is cat spraying the same as peeing?
Cat parents often wonder, why do cats spray? Contrary to popular belief, cat peeing and spraying are not the same. While cat pee involves your furry relieving itself, cat spray is more intentional to communicate certain things like marking territories.
Why is my cat spraying?
Cats are known to spray for several reasons, such as cat marking their territories, warding away predators, or attracting potential mates when they are in heat. Cats under stress and anxiety are known to urine spray as well.
How can I clean my cats' teeth naturally?
You can naturally clean your cat’s teeth using dental additives in their drinking water as cat gingivitis treatment that help get rid of microbial growth and tartar accumulation. Additionally, you can also consider getting eco-friendly biodegradable bamboo toothbrushes for cats!
Do I need to brush my cat’s teeth with toothpaste?
Toothpaste for cats can be extremely beneficial in maintaining good oral health in cats. Other than preventing tooth decay, plaque build-up, and microbial actions that causes infection, feline toothpastes contain calcium, phosphates, and minerals to fortify and maintain their dental health.
Is it too late to brush my cat’s teeth?
It is never too late to brush a cat’s teeth to maintain good cat dental health. If you suspect gingivitis in cats, with symptoms such as pale gums in cats, aversion to eating and drinking, or foul breath, it is important to visit a cat dentist.
Are you supposed to brush your cat’s teeth?
Yes, cats over the age of 7 are prone to the risks of periodontal diseases and must maintain good dental health. Additionally, brushing a cat’s teeth regularly helps get rid of plaque and microbial growth, and avoid cat tooth decay.
How harmful are fleas to cats?
Fleas in cats do not usually cause mortal harm, but can often lead to severe anaemia, weakness and allergies. Furthermore, cats can be exposed to the risks of tape worms in cats, flea allergy dermatitis, and open wounds if untreated.
Are fleas killing my cat?
Although flea bites can cause significant irritation and skin injury to fur babies, they do not usually lead to life-threatening situations. However, having a flea infestation can cause cats to become anaemic, and can often prove lethal for smaller kittens.
Can humans get fleas from cats?
Although rare, but humans can still get fleas from cats. Flea bites in humans can cause blisters and lesions at the location of the bite, severe cases may also lead to open wounds, infections, and flea-borne diseases like plague and typhus.
How do you get rid of fleas on a cat?
If your furry feline has fleas, you can consider giving them a sulphur bath or using flea and tick management shampoos to get rid of fleas in cats. Regularly brushing their coat using a flea comb can also prove beneficial.
What to do if my cat is drinking too much water?
Cats drinking unusually high amounts of cat water call for professional attention as it often indicates diabetes or hyperthyroidism. So, if your cat is drinking way too much cat water than necessary, it might be time for you to consult a veterinarian.
Which is the best way to give water to a cat?
While a shallow bowl with wider sides is the easiest and most common way of serving water to cats, having the best cat water fountain that offers continuous and clean, fresh running water can also encourage fur babies to drink more.
How to give water to the cat?
Cats prefer drinking from a water bowl or pail that is clean and shallow, and has wider sides. Additionally, having the best cat water fountain at home that offers continuous fresh running water can also encourage your kitty to drink more.
Is it an emergency if my cat won't drink water?
Cats can avoid drinking water once they've had their daily fill. However, cat won’t drink water when they are stressed or are suffering from an underlying health disorder such as feline UTI, which might call for an emergency.
What kind of water should cats drink?
Felines can regularly drink normal tap water or filtered water without facing any health concerns. However, if you want to go the extra mile by offering bottled water to your furry munchkin, spring water should be your top preference.
Should cats be skinny?
Being lightweight helps cats to effortlessly jump to high grounds, and flexibly pass through difficult terrains. However, cats are not supposed to be too skinny which restricts them from having a normal lifestyle. Being malnourished can cause health problems too.
What is low weight for a cat?
Adult cats with weights lower than 4 kg can be considered malnourished and underweight. Underweight cats have a visibly narrow frame and must be immediately treated to avoid the risks of health concerns like parasites, bacterial diseases, and so on.
How much should a cat eat a day?
The everyday caloric intake of furry felines depends on their age, breed, and their health conditions. An average caloric intake of 250 calories is sufficient for cats with a weight of 4 to 5 kg and more for larger breeds.
What is the normal weight for a cat?
The normal weight for a cat can vary depending on its age and breed. However, the normal weight for smaller cat breeds ranges between 4 to 4.5 kg, while the ideal cat weight for larger breeds is about 11 kg.
What can I use to clean my kitten’s eyes?
Unless your furry munchkin is suffering from genuine eye problems, you might not need kitten eye care medications to clean your kitty’s eyes. Clean water and over-the-counter eye drops can be used for ensuring regular and optimal cat eye health.
Should I wash my cat’s ears?
It is unwise to wash a cat’s ears, as it may clog their ear canal or damage the eardrum. Instead, schedule designated cat ear cleaning sessions and gently clean out the eardrums with cat ear cleansers and soft cotton balls.
What can I use to clean my cat’s ears at home?
If you are cleaning your cat’s ears at home, you would need a towel, cat ear cleanser, some soft cotton balls or gauze, and cat ear cleansing wipes. Make sure to use cleansers that are designed specifically for feline use.
How can I treat my cat’s skin naturally?
Giving your cat a bath using cat shampoo is a good option for cat skin care. But if you prefer a more natural solution, spraying lemon-infused water over their haircoat also helps in keeping the coat clean and getting rid of fleas.
How do you take care of a cat’s skin?
While cats are excellent groomers themselves, proper cat skin care, such as brushing their coats regularly and bathing them on a monthly basis is also important to get rid of loose and matted fur, dirt, and dead skin cells.
Do cats need vet checkups?
It is important to take cat to vet to get them checked for any underlying health disorders. Additionally, during the kitten check up, your veterinarian may inform you about any changes in your kitty’s diet or upcoming vaccinations that might be required.
What tests do cats need yearly?
Feline leukaemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis, and feline immunodeficiency virus are some tests that might be suggested when you take cat to vet. In addition to the cat vet check up cost at the kitten check up, there may be additional charges if your cat needs tests.
How often should a cat have a health check?
Wondering when to take cat to vet? Kittens may need a veterinarian appointment every three to four weeks. Now that you know when to take newborn kittens to vet, cats over four months of age need annual check-ups. Senior cats might require veterinary appointments every six months.
How do I check if my cat is healthy?
It is important to know when to take cat to vet, by keeping an eye on them for possible symptoms of illness, such as frequent urination, diarrhoea or vomiting, change in behaviour, excessive shedding, nausea, lethargy, and loss of appetite.
How do you take care of a newborn kitten without a mother?
It is crucial to learn how to care for a kitten, how do you bathe a kitten/how to care for a stray kitten and how to feed newborn kittens without a mother. You can feed them kitten formula instead of newborn kittens milk.
How do you take care of a kitten for beginners?
Wondering how to care for newborn kittens, how do you take care of a stray kitten and how to feed newborn kittens? In addition to knowing when to bathe kittens and can I bathe my 1 month old kitten, you must look into their kitten bathing and eating habits and kitten sleeping schedules.
How much do you feed a kitten?
Wondering how to feed kittens and how to care for a kitten? Kittens require a higher caloric intake when it comes to how to feed kittens. So, what to feed newborn kittens? Kittens over 6 weeks can be fed a cup of dry cat food every day.
What is the best way to feed kittens?
Are you worried about how to care for a kitten or how to care for newborn kittens? In their infancy, kittens are completely dependent on newborn kittens milk as the source of nutrition. They gradually transition to solid food and water from newborn kittens milk.
How to get rid of worms in cats naturally?
Foods like pumpkin seeds, chamomile, coconut, carrots, and apple cider vinegar can prove to be very effective against worm infections for your cat. But it is always advisable to visit a vet for a surer treatment against worm infection.
How long does it take to get rid of worms in cats?
Worms can multiply in numbers at a rapid pace and can continue to do so even after the first dose of deworm cat medicine. Thus, the process of treatment for worm infection can last for a month to make sure not a single worm is left in your cart.
What should I do if my cats have worms?
If you suspect that your cats have worms, you should immediately take it to a vet. Administering medicines to your cat on your own can have a severe impact on your cat. Instead, you should always consult a vet for the treatment of worms.
Can humans get worms from cats?
Yes, humans can also get infected by cats. This is why it is always advised to wear gloves while feeding your cat, or cleaning its litter. If you use your bare hands, then avoid putting them in your eyes or mouth and clean them thoroughly.
How do you know if a cat has worms?
Different worms exhibit different structures. Thus, you can lookout for signs of them in the faeces of your pet cat. You can also be attentive to symptoms like diarrhoea, vomiting, weight loss, such as worms in cat vomit.
What are the characteristic features of cat poisoning?
Most fur babies are vulnerable to toxic items that can lead to poisoning. You can identify cat poisoning from symptoms like coughing, swelling or inflammations, excessive drooling and shedding, fever, seizure and twitching, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, increased thirst and urination, the cat keeps vomiting etc.
What causes a cat to vomit food?
There are several reasons you can find your cat throwing up food. While your cat vomits after eating, it often include harmless reasons like an excess of hairball, it might also include other serious reasons like a parasitic or bacterial infestation, indigestion or food allergies, pancreatitis, poisoning, stress and depression.
How to treat a cat that won’t eat?
If your cat is showing a strong aversion to food, but isn’t necessarily sick or vomiting, you can tempt your cat by offering food that has been warmed up, offering strong-smelling foods (like sardines), or hand feeding your cat.
Why doesn’t the cat want to eat and vomit?
Your fur kiddo can throw up due to several factors, the primary of which is a food allergy or indigestion. Your cats can also fall sick and refuse to eat due to other health concerns like parasitic or bacterial infestations. The cause of cat puking can also be digestive, renal or liver diseases.
What to do when a cat vomits?
If you find your cat throwing up, it is important to remove its food to avoid any further indigestion. You can also renew its water bowl, making sure your cat drinks fresh water and stays sufficiently hydrated throughout the period. Later, you can introduce low cooked fish or chicken to their diet, making sure they are offered in smaller quantities. If the cat vomited green, you must look for professional health and support
How long does it take for a cat to heal from skin diseases?
The time taken by a cat to heal from cat skin disease is often influenced by their age, lifestyle and the severity of their condition. Usually, cats can recover from most skin diseases within 8 to 10 weeks, after which the allergic signs disappear. However, if you suspect your cats have skin diseases, it is better to take them to a veterinarian rather than wait for them to heal on their own.
Can cat scabies heal on their own?
Scabies is caused by mites and fleas living on the skin of your furry friend. Unless appropriate initiations are taken in order to kill the mites, scabies cannot heal on its own. Once the mites have been killed and removed from your cat's body, topical medicines and ointments can be beneficial in treating scabies even faster.
Why does my cat have scabs but no fleas?
Scabs in cats do not always indicate mite or flea actions. Scabs can be caused by several other factors including environmental allergies, agents like debris, as well as due to an injury from a fight with other animals. Topical steroid creams are usually of help in treating scabs and reducing itchiness and discomfort.
Why is my cat's skin dry and peeling?
The dryness and peeling nature of a cat's skin can result from several reasons, including food allergies, environmental allergies, and even fungal actions. However, you can treat your cat by including more Omega-3, zinc, and fatty acids in their diet. Home remedies like apple cider vinegar and water spray are also helpful in treating dry and flaky skin.
Can scabies in cats be cured?
Yes, scabies in cats can be treated through topical medications and flea control treatments. Topical medications to treat scabies can be applied by injections, shampoo, or dips. In addition, your veterinarian can also suggest measures to kill the mites causing scabies, as well as antibiotics and anti-inflammatories to treat the skin conditions.
What are contagious diseases for cats?
Feline panleukopenia is one of the most contagious viral diseases in cats, which is spread through bodily fluids, fleas, faeces, as well as through contaminated blood, water bowls, litter boxes and clothing. It can also be passed on to kittens from an unvaccinated mother.
What is the deadliest disease for cats?
Though most cats have an innate resistance to diseases, some cats succumb to the deadliest diseases. Some of the most common cat sickness include feline leukaemia (which results in several health risks, ultimately attacking the immune system and bone marrow failure), feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV, which attacks the immune system, making the cat susceptible to the most common infections and diseases)
Can humans catch diseases from cats?
Though human beings are not susceptible to cat-specific diseases, they can still get sick from having been in contact with sick cats. In addition, sick cats often carry harmful germs which can lead to potential health risks unless safety precautions are followed.
What are the symptoms of a sick cat?
If your cat is suffering from an ailment, here are some of the common symptoms that can help identify the diseases in cat. These symptoms often characterize themselves without any slight changes in the mood, rapid breathing and shortness of breath, I have just the noticeable weight and hair loss, vomiting and diarrhoea.
What are the common cat diseases?
Cats are easily susceptible to several diseases. Hence, it is important to be able to identify some of the most common diseases in cats. Some of the common cat diseases that can bring down your feline friend include leukaemia, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), diabetes, heartworm, and more.
How long does cat conjunctivitis last?
Conjunctivitis is a common eye problem in cats that does not cause any lasting damage. Cat conjunctivitis, whether bacterial or viral, goes away by itself in weeks without the need for medical intervention or complex red eye in cats treatment.
Will cat conjunctivitis go away by itself?
Yes, cat conjunctivitis is one of the most common kinds of eye problem in cats that our felines can experience multiple times in their lives. However, conjunctivitis generally does not require external intervention as they subside within a short while.
When should I worry about my cat's eye infection?
Common cat's eye infections, such as conjunctivitis does not always call for red eye in cats treatment as they generally subside within weeks. However, severe cases must be treated with red eye in cats treatment like eye drop for feline furries.
How can I treat my cat's eye infection?
Cat's eye infections can be usually treated with topical antibacterial ointments and eye drop for cats. In addition to eye drop for cats, veterinarians can also recommend broad-spectrum antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs and other cat eye medicine as effective cat eye treatment.
Are ear infections painful for cats?
Although ear infections caused by mites on cats or cat yeast infection last for a couple of weeks, long-standing or recurrent yeast infections cat ear caused by mites on cats is painful, making it necessary to use proper cat ear infection treatment.
How do you get rid of ear mites in cats?
Ear mites on cats are common causes with cases like cat has ear infections and cat yeast infection. Thoroughly clean the cat's ears with ear mite treatment for cats before applying topical medications and ointments to get rid of ear mites in cats, or when your cat has itchy ears.
Is cat ear infection serious?
Although not all ear infections are serious and last only for weeks without the need for cat ear infection treatment or ear mite medicine for cats, long-lasting ear infections can pose a serious threat. Not to mention they cause discomfort.
Can cat ear infections go away on their own?
Yes, ear infections usually go away within a couple of weeks, without ear mite medicine for cats being used or cat ear infection treatment being necessary, so there's no need to worry about treat ear mites in cats, or how to treat cat ear infections.
See More Articles Like This
How To Feed Your Newborn Kitten
In the wild, big cats know exactly what they need to eat. By feeding your kitten the right food at the right times, you’ll be supporting her natural instincts as a carnivore and solitary hunter.
READ MORE
Diarrhea & Constipation in Kitten: Kitten Upset Stomach
Just like yours, your kitten’s digestive system converts the food she eats to energy. If she’s poorly, her tummy may be affected, with common problems being diarrhoea and constipation.
READ MORE
Cat Allergies
The simplest way to deal with a cat allergy is to stay away from cats! If you’re a cat owner, or just love being around those adorable felines, don’t worry - there are plenty of ways you can make life easier.
READ MORE
Common Cat Diseases, Their Symptoms And Treatment
Who doesn't love a cat? These tiny little furballs with their adorable face and cute appearance is all one needs to brighten their day. Since time immemorial, cats have been known to be the greatest emotional support animals to their loved ones, helping individuals with depression, anxiety and other physical and mental disabilities.
READ MORE
